Fire Damper

This fire damper is normally open and closes at 70°C or 280°C. It is typically installed where air ducts pass through firewalls. It serves as a fire shutoff. An output signal can be set. When the temperature exceeds 70°C or 280°C, the valve closes, and the supply (or supplemental) fan is shut off. Product Terminology: Fire dampers are installed on the supply and return air ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems...

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Product Description

This fire damper is normally open and closes at 70°C or 280°C. It is typically installed where air ducts pass through firewalls. It serves as a fire shutoff. An output signal can be set. When the temperature exceeds 70°C or 280°C, the valve closes, and the supply (or supplemental) fan is shut off.

Product Terminology

Fire Dampers

These are installed in the supply and return air ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems. They are normally open. In the event of a fire, when the gas temperature in the duct reaches 70°C, the fusible link melts, and the valve automatically closes under the force of a torsion spring. This valve meets fire resistance stability and integrity requirements for a specified period of time, acting as a smoke and fire barrier. When closed, it outputs a closing signal.

Smoke Exhaust Fire Dampers

These are installed in smoke exhaust system ducts. They are normally closed. In the event of a fire, they are opened manually or electrically to exhaust smoke. When the smoke temperature in the exhaust duct reaches 280°C, they close. This valve meets fire resistance stability and integrity requirements for a specified period of time, acting as a smoke exhaust.

Product Principle

These are installed in central air conditioning duct systems. They operate by controlling the temperature of a highly fusible alloy, using gravity and a spring mechanism to close the valve. When a fire occurs, flames invade the duct. The high temperature melts the fusible alloy in the valve, or causes the memory alloy to deform, causing the valve to automatically close. These valves are used in applications where the duct intersects with fire compartments.

Product Categorie

Fire Dampers

1. Fire Dampers, normally open, closes at 70°C. Typically installed where air ducts pass through firewalls. They function as fire shutoffs and can be configured with a configurable output signal and temperature.

Fully Automatic Smoke Exhaust Fire Dampers

When the temperature exceeds 70°C, the valve closes, shutting down the supply (or supply) fans.

2. Smoke and Fire Control Valve, normally open, closes at 70°C. Similar to item 1, but with an additional signal input. It can be remotely closed by the fire control room. It is typically used in systems with shared ducts for both normal supply and fire supply air. It can be used to shut down rooms that do not require supply air during a fire.

3. Normally Open Smoke Exhaust Fire Dampers, fuses shut at 280°C. Normally open, outputs a signal. This type is similar to item 1, but with a different fuse temperature. It is typically used where smoke exhaust ducts pass through firewalls during a fire. It automatically fuses shut when the smoke temperature exceeds 280°C, shutting down the smoke exhaust fans.

Smoke Exhaust Dampers

1. Normally Closed Smoke Exhaust Fire Dampers (normally closed, signal-activated, 280°C fuse-closed, or manually closed) are generally used in smoke exhaust systems. They can be installed at the smoke exhaust fan intake. Opening is controlled by the fire control room in the event of a fire, and closing also acts as a chain to shut down the smoke exhaust fan.

2. Smoke Exhaust Dampers: Similar to item 3 above, these are called smoke exhaust dampers based on their operating temperature, while fire dampers are based on their intended use. However, for equipment manufacturers, these dampers simply replace the fuse element in ordinary fire dampers with one that fuses at 280°C.

3. Fully Automatic Smoke Exhaust Fire Dampers (for subway projects): Fire and smoke exhaust dampers in subway ventilation and air conditioning systems are linked to automatic fire alarm systems and gas fire extinguishing systems. Each fully automatic smoke and fire damper has two independent electric control signals, monitored by the EMCS and the gas extinguishing system, respectively. Both control signals are DC 24V ±10%. Each fully automatic smoke and fire damper has six independent feedback signals (three for the open position and three for the closed position). All feedback signals are normally open passive contact signals.

Smoke Exhaust Vent

If you have installed the necessary smoke exhaust dampers on the ductwork, a standard single-layer louvered vent will suffice; otherwise, a plate-type smoke exhaust vent, which also incorporates a smoke and fire damper mechanism, is required.

Selection Key Points

1. The main control parameters for fire damper selection include specifications.

2. Fire dampers are suitable for ventilation and air conditioning systems. With the exception of fire dampers used in kitchen exhaust systems in public buildings, which have an operating temperature of 150°C, fire dampers used in general ventilation and air conditioning systems have an operating temperature of 70°C.

3. Fire dampers are suitable for use in ventilation, air conditioning, or smoke exhaust system ducts. Basic functions and applicable ranges are shown in Table 1.

4. When selecting a valve, consider its functionality, such as whether it should be normally open or normally closed, automatic closing and opening, manual closing and opening, manual reset, signal output, and remote control requirements.

5. If the valve is linked to a fan, it should be equipped with a dual micro-switch mechanism.

6. The valve blade should be steel plate with a thickness of 2-6mm. The valve body should be made of non-combustible material. The rotating parts should be corrosion-resistant metal and rotate freely. The valve casing thickness should not be less than 2mm. Fusible parts should meet the standards approved by the fire department.

Construction and Installation

1. Fire dampers can be interlocked with ventilation fans and smoke exhaust fans.

2. There should be a clear space of at least 200mm on one side of the valve operating mechanism to facilitate maintenance.

3. Before installing the valve, inspect the valve operating mechanism for integrity and smooth operation.

4. Fire dampers should be installed in ductwork sections close to walls or floors. Fire dampers on both sides of fire partition walls should be no more than 200mm from the wall surface. Pipes and insulation within 2.0m on both sides of the fire damper should be made of non-combustible materials.

5. Fire dampers should have separate supports and hangers to prevent pipe deformation and performance degradation in the event of a fire.

6. The fire damper's fuse should be installed on the side facing the greater fire risk.

Product Usage

Smoke and fire dampers are primarily used on ventilation and air conditioning system ducts. They are normally open. When the air temperature reaches ~70°C, the valve's internal fuse automatically closes.

Smoke outlets and valves are primarily installed on smoke exhaust system ducts or at the intake of fire smoke exhaust fans. They are normally closed. In the event of a fire, they are automatically opened to exhaust smoke.

Fire dampers are installed at the inlet of a fan that serves both the smoke exhaust system and the ventilation and air conditioning system. They are normally open, allowing ventilation. When the air temperature in the duct reaches ~280°C, the valve's fusible metal thermal fuse automatically closes, cutting off the airflow and preventing the spread of fire.

In some building fire protection projects, these devices are often reused. The Chongqing Tobacco Building is a case in point.

The building primarily serves offices and businesses, with long corridors and a mechanical smoke exhaust system. Each floor has a single smoke zone. Each floor's smoke exhaust main is equipped with an electric normally closed fire damper, each smoke outlet on each floor is equipped with an electric normally closed smoke damper, and the fire smoke exhaust fan's intake is also equipped with an electric normally closed smoke damper. Clearly, this design wastes functionality and wastes module, valve, and building costs.

Suggestions: One approach is to remove the smoke damper and module from the smoke exhaust outlet and replace the air outlet with a single-layer louver. A second approach is to replace the electric normally closed fire damper on each floor's smoke exhaust main with a normally open, 280-degree closing fire damper and replace the control module with a standard monitoring module. Both approaches can meet fire safety regulations and are very practical to control.